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Species |
| l.3.1 | Dermanyssus gallinae |
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l.3.2 |
Haemolaelaps casalis |
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l.3.3 |
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l.3.4 |
Ornithonyssus bursa |
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l.3.5 |
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l.3.6 |
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l.3.7 |
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l.3.8 |
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l.3.9 |
Eulaelaps stabularis |
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l.3.10 |
chicken mite or fowl mite or poultry red mite
D. gallinae is a cosmopolitan species and feeds on the blood of fowl, turkeys, ducks, pigeons, cage birds and many wild birds. It occasionally bites mammals, including humans. It is a common ectoparasite in aviaries and pigeon lofts where, under favourable conditions, it reproduces rapidly: the egg-to-adult cycle can be completed in 5-7 days. All stages of "chicken mite" may become a serious pest, causing irritation and anaemia due to loss of blood. They feed mostly at night, become red, and move into crevices during the day where they digest the blood meal and lay their eggs. Female engorged is 1 mm long, while other stages are smaller. The adults can live for 4-5 months without a meal of blood.The parasite has been found naturally infected with spirochaetes and viruses and it may act as a vector for infections.D. gallinae like other Dermanyssidae is characterized by a stylet-like chelicera which is modified for piercing the skin of its host.
D. gallinae may occur as a temporary parasite of humans, causing skin lesions. The mites may occur in bird's nest in eaves of house and migrate into bedrooms and attack humans in bed.
Desch C.E., 1984:
Duncan S., 1957:
This mite is known as Hypoaspis freemani, lives in poultry houses and litter. It may attack humans working in association with such animals and places.
This species is a parasite of rodents, insectivores etc., and is found in bedding, poultry houses, grain stores and can cause considerable annoyance to workers in such places.
This species is known as the "tropical fowl mite" and is found on fowl, pigeon, sparrow and other birds in warmer parts of the world, where it replaces O. sylviarum. It will attack man, causing pruritus, but it cannot survive for longer than 10 days away from a bird host. In birds in the field large numbers of eggs may be found in the fluff of the feathers,especially on those around the rent, as well as in the nest of the birds. The eggs hatch in 3 days, liberating six-legged larvae, which do not feed, but moult in few hours to become protonymphs. This stage and the next, take a blood meal each before becoming adults.
The "tropical rat mite" is parasitic on rats and man all over the world. The female, 0.65-1 mm long, lais about 100 eggs during her lifetime, in the nest and burrows of the rats. Larvae and deutonymphs do not feed on rat's blood, while protonymphs take blood before moult. The cycle egg-to-adult takes 11-16 days. Unfertilized eggs may develop parthenogenetically to provide males which can fertilize eggs.
This species , in laboratory, can transmit from rat to rat by their bites, Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague. Murine typhus and Q fever are also transmitted by this species. O. bacoti is the intermediate host of the filarial nematode, Litomosoides carinii of rodents.
This species is called "the northern mite" of poultry and other birds in temperate climate.The adults are 1 mm long. After a blood meal, the female lais 1-5 whitish eggs on the host.The six-legged larvae do not feed but moult after one week to become the protonymphs, which require two blood meals. Deutonymphs do not feed but moult after 3-4 days to become adults. The whole lyfe cycle can occur in 5-7 days, but usually takes longer.
They can bite through tender human skin and then cause pruritus. They may transmitt some infectious diseases: fowlpox, St. Louis encephalitis, western equine encephalomyelitis.
L.(A.) sanguineus, a worldwide mite, is called "house mouse mite" and occurs on the domestic rat, house mouse and spiny mouse.It may transmit Rickettsia akari, the cause of rickettsial pox of man. The life cycle, which resembles that of the Ornithonyssus spp., is completed in 17-23 days.
This species is parasite of small mammals and is found in bedding, poultry houses, grain stores and cause annoyance to workers in such places. It is a vector of Pasteurella tularensis.
